Superconductivity & Electromagnetism

Meissner Effect

Simulate Walther Meissner's 1933 discovery: The total expulsion of magnetic flux ($\vec{B} = 0$) from a superconductor below its critical temperature $T_c = 93 \text{ K}$, creating stable quantum levitation and flux pinning.

Temperature T 77.0 K (Superconducting)

Levitation Height h 42.5 mm

Penetration Depth λ_L 150 nm

Superconductor Controls

Temperature T 77 K (Critical T_c = 93 K)

Magnet Strength B₀ 1.2 T

Visual Overlay

Show Magnetic Field Lines B

Show Quantum Flux Pinning Vortices

Show Superconductor & Magnet Badges

Controls

London Equations & Meissner Expulsion

London Equation: ∇² B = B / λ_L²
Field Inside Superconductor: B(x) = B₀ · e^(-x / λ_L) → 0
Magnetic Repulsion Force: F_mag = (3 μ₀ m²) / (2π h⁴) = m·g

Developer Reference

Core Algorithm & Standalone Script

// Meissner effect magnetic flux expulsion & London depth solver
const canvas = document.getElementById('canvas');
const ctx = canvas.getContext('2d');
// B(x) = B0 * exp(-x / lambda_L)