physics • kinetic theory

IDEAL GAS

Interactive simulation of the ideal gas law (PV = nRT) using kinetic theory. Observe how particle collisions create pressure, explore thermodynamic processes, and verify the Maxwell-Boltzmann speed distribution.

How to use: Adjust temperature, volume, or particle count. Drag the piston to change volume. Watch pressure, particle speeds, and speed distributions update in real-time.

Simulation Controls

Temperature (K)

500 K

Volume (× default)

0.60

Particle Count

200

Particle Mass

Process Type

Collisions

Simulation Speed: 1.0×

Particle Box (Drag Piston →)

Color: Blue (cold) → Green (warm) → Red (hot) | Drag right edge to change volume

Pressure Gauge

Pa (Pascals) — Real-time collision rate

P vs T (Constant V)

Linear relationship: P ∝ T

P vs 1/V (Constant T)

Boyle's Law: P ∝ 1/V

Speed Distribution

Maxwell-Boltzmann curve overlay

Temperature

500

Pressure

Volume

0.6

m³ (×1e-3)

Particle Count

200

particles

PV (check)

Pa·m³

RMS Speed

m/s

Avg KE

Collision Rate

Mean Free Path

∞